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以下是一些有關電子商貿發展的文章


Internet Indicators: Q1 '99 Sees 127 Percent Growth in E-commerce

Oct 27 1999: A new study finds that the Internet economy grew by 68 percent between the first quarter of 1998 and the first quarter of 1999. While the Internet economy was worth USD301 billion at the end of 1998, the study projects it will be worth USD507 billion by the end of this year.

E-commerce in particular grew by 127 between the first quarter of 1998 when it accounted for 25.8 percent of revenue, and the first quarter of 1999 when it accounted for 34.8 percent of Internet revenue.

According to the study, US companies who are selling online have seen their revenues more than double to USD170 billion since last year. Meanwhile the number of Internet related jobs grew from 1.6 million in Q1 1998 to 2.3 million in Q2 1999. Of the 2.3 million figure, 400,000 were in e-commerce specifically.

The projected USD507 figure, which will comprise revenues from business to business, business to consumer and third party related industries such as transport companies and brokerages, is equivalent to 6 percent of the country's gross domestic product.

The study found that even if the current growth rate is halved over the next three years, total Internet revenue would be USD1.2 trillion by 2002. Interestingly the study found that small companies are driving economic growth and the ten top Internet companies will only account for 27 percent of that total figure.

The study, conducted by the Center for Research on Electronic Commerce at the University of Texas in Austin and sponsored by Cisco Systems Inc., interviewed 3,400 Internet companies and 305,000 employees.


Activmedia: One Sixth of B2B Revenue Generated Online

Oct 14 1999: Businesses engaging in B2B marketing online recently attributed 17 percent of overall sales to their Internet presence in an Activmedia report.

"The Real Number Behind The Online Business-To-Business Industry" found that in those companies that have had an online presence for, on average, 2.67 years, one sixth of their revenue is now Internet generated.

Only 8 percent of companies interviewed were "pureplays" yet 51 percent of them used the Net as a supplementary sales channel. 59 percent used the Net to make purchases for their company. 92 percent market through traditional means as well as Internet. 42 percent of companies interviewed use their Web site to complement offline marketing campaigns.

The study concentrates on four industry segments, B2B Retailing, Manufacturing, Service and Wholesaling/Distribution and found overall the majority of B2B sites use the Internet to attract new customers, to reinforce existing customer relationships and to improve sales channels and post-sales services.


Financial Times: B2B To Be Worth USD1.4 Trillion by 2003
Oct 22 1999: New figures from Forrester Research show that business to business e-commerce will be worth USD251 billion next year and USD1.4 trillion by 2003. In 1997 business to business online was worth USD19 billion.

In contrast, consumer e-commerce is predicted to be worth fraction of that, USD41 billion. According to Merrril Lynch the computer industry and the electronics industry will be affected most by business-to-business e-commerce. Shipping, petrochemicals and the automobile industry will also be significantly affected.

Globalization, escalating competition and the emergence of new technologies are fuelling the growth.


CNNfn: E-commerce Sales Patterns Like Ketchup
Oct 26 1999: A study aimed at identifying behavioral patterns finds that online purchasing habits resemble those of cereal and ketchup in Supermarkets. According to the study, this comparison could signal the end of the current e-commerce boom.

Despite the high number of e-commerce initiates the amount of people performing repeat purchases is waning. While there are many people eager to purchase online at the moment the report warned that this is just a honeymoon period and that Internet sales will slow down as the number of new people coming online will slow down.

The professors studied consumer buying patterns at four of the major web retailers, Amazon.com, Barnesandnoble.com, Expedia.com and CDNow.com in addition to several other smaller retailers. They concluded that repeat buying rates would only be 30 percent of the initial amount a figure which was identical to cereal and ketchup.

The study noted that online shopping patterns were very similar to supermarket shopping habits in general, the only difference being that web sites received much more new visitors on a daily basis.

The study was carried out by Peter Fadar, a professor of marketing at Wharton and Bruce Hardie, a professor from the London Business School.


Dataquest: Consumers Will Spend USD380 Billion By 2003
Oct 13 1999: Consumer purchases online are expected to be worth USD380 billion in 2003, up from an estimated USD31.2 billion in 1999, according to a study by Dataquest.

At a press conference on Tuesday afternoon, Dataquest vice president and worldwide director Brett Azuma outlined some of the findings of the report.

Online consumer purchases no longer represent a niche market, as retailers around the world rush to replicate the US experience. "E-tailing has become mainstream," Azuma said.

By 2003, Dataquest estimates that the US market, at USD147 billion, will be less than half the world total (down from two-thirds of the world total, at USD20.5 billion, in 1999).

Online consumer sales in Europe are expected to exceed USD115 billion in 2003, up from USD5.4 billion in 1999. Among the reasons for this growth Azuma cited free Internet access and a drop in security concerns. Another key factor is word of mouth, which serves to calm anxiety about online purchases and validates the idea of shopping online, he said.

The Dataquest study predicts a prosperous holiday season for online retailers. The fourth quarter of 1999 should bring in USD12.2 billion, 300 percent more than last year's fourth quarter, Azuma said. About 64 percent of Internet users plan to make an online purchase this season, he added.

Finally, Azuma pointed out that price is only in fifth place among the reasons that people shop online. Their primary motivation is convenience.


http://www.news.com.au/news_content/national_content/4317827.htm :
Disparity in Australian Internet Figures
Oct 12 1999: The number of Australian shoppers choosing to buy in virtual stores as opposed physical stores is growing by 500 percent per year, according to Sydney based Web sales analyst www.consult.

In 1996 Australians spent USD40 million online, in 1998 they spent USD200 million online, this year they will spend USD1 billion and next year USD5 billion. By 2001 www.consult expect Australians to spend USD10 billion online.

Meanwhile the results of a survey released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics released in September are considerably more conservative. They found that online shopping had increased by 60 percent between May '98 and May '99. During that period 3 million purchases were made by 650,000 adult shoppers.

According to www.consult, it is business use of the Net which is driving growth. However, ABS have just released figures which suggest that business use of the Internet and technology down under is paltry.

In June 1998, 29 percent of Australian businesses were online, 13 percent more than June 1997 when 6 percent were online. A mere 14 percent extra said they intended to be online by July 1999.

The ABS study found that only 23 percent of businesses use the Net to promote their business, 16 percent use the Net to purchase, 10 percent use it as an additional sales channel and the remainder use it for email.


AsiaBizTech: Two Thirds of Japanese Users Buy Online
Sep 27 1999: 64.6 percent of Japanese Internet users have had some experience of buying online, according to a report by Fujitsu Research.

From the perspective of the online retailer, the home page of the typical online retailer was accessed 8,600 times per month. On average 55 orders were taken online per month, generating over USD6,400 in sales. The range of traffic, sales and revenue, however, varied widely. In terms of profitability, 39 percent of merchants reported a profit for 1998, with 32.2 percent reporting an operating loss. 21.2 percent of sites were breaking even.

The study found that men typically purchased software, computer goods while women tended to purchase food, beverages and alcohol, clothing, shoes and accessories. Books and magazines were popular purchases with both men and women.

45.9 percent of users reported shopping regularly at a particular site. The reasons given for shopping at these sites included a good purchasing system, 35.1 percent, a sense of security, 33.2 percent, a clear identity and location for the shop, 29.1 percent, the wide variety of products available, 27 percent, and low pricing, 24.9 percent.

The findings are based on a survey of over 1,279 Internet users and 146 mail order operators across Japan.


Activmedia: Report Examines Profitability of B-to-B Sites
Sep 24 1999: 42 percent of three-year-old business-to-business Web sites in the US are now profitable, with another 14 percent expecting to turn a profit within the next year, according to the latest report from ActivMedia. This compares to 34 percent of all b-to-b sites currently in operation. Overall, an additional 18 percent of b-to-b sites expect to be solvent within the year.

The study found that 27 percent of b-to-b sites that are less than a year old are profitable, with a further 18 percent expecting to be in the black within the next twelve months. As can be expected, the percentage of profitable sites increases with age. The study found that 32 percent of two-year-old b-to-b sites are profitable, with an additional 15 percent confidant of turning a profit in the next year.

The report also looked at revenue generated by b-to-b sites. It sets that the average income for first year b-to-b sites at USD94,000, with three-year-old sites typically taking in USD30,000,000 in revenue.


Dataquest: Global Web Sales to Top USD12 Billion in Q499
Sep 23 1999: Online spending will reach USD12.2 billion globally in the fourth quarter of 1999, according to the latest report from Dataquest. One third of the total spend will be generated outside the United States, roughly three times greater than the non-US spend in the fourth quarter of 1998. The report attributes the growth of the international market in part to the advent of free Internet accounts, particularly in Europe.

Dataquest found non-US online shoppers to be more adventurous in their online shopping. In the Asia-Pacific region the cost-saving feature of shopping online is proving a major draw, according to the report.

Overall, however, the US centric view of e-commerce is a major impediment to the growth of e-commerce internationally, especially in Europe, according to Dataquest analyst, Blaine Mathieu. The European online consumer operates differently from their US counterpart. Merchants need to meet local buying habits and provide content in the local language if the international market is to meet its full potential, according to Mathieu.









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